#Istat venous blood only skin
Exclusion criteria were skin infection around the puncture site, immunocompromising condition or medication, pregnancy, and breast-feeding. Healthy volunteers aged over 18 years were recruited for the study. The aim of this study was to determine whether the intraosseous POC values of parameters that are commonly used in emergency diagnostics agree with the arterial values with sufficient precision to allow the POC values of IO samples to be used for clinical decision making in emergency situations.ĭata were collected during a training session in which paramedic students practiced inserting an IO needle on each other under supervision. Because most of the previous studies have evaluated the correlations between two methods instead of their agreement, better evaluations of agreement and bias are needed before IO samples can be used for clinical decision making. Several animal and human studies have been published investigating different laboratory parameters using both conventional laboratory and POC devices for the analyses. It is unclear, how the results of IO blood sample analyses should be interpreted and how exactly the parameters agree with venous or arterial values because evidence regarding the laboratory analysis of IO samples is controversial. This aspirate could be made rapidly available for POC diagnostics. Normally, a small amount of bone marrow is aspirated via the IO needle after insertion to confirm correct needle placement. As a result of the availability of feasible power-driven IO devices, IO access has become widely used for vascular access during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other critical conditions. The intraosseous (IO) route is recommended for medication when intravenous access is difficult or impossible. However, drawing a sample from a critically ill patient can be challenging due to haemodynamic collapse or cold environments – the same factors responsible for difficulties with vascular access. Analyses are usually made from arterial or venous blood. Many physician- or paramedic-based pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) use handheld POC analysers. Resuscitation guidelines recommend the review and correction of potentially reversible causes of cardiac arrest during resuscitation, and POC testing can sometimes add information. Point-of-care (POC) laboratory diagnostics can be used to screen for critical conditions and guide treatment in pre-hospital emergency care.
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